Do Kids Need to File Tax Returns?
Many kids get part time jobs or start businesses to earn extra income, especially when they turn into teenagers and they want cars, gas for cars, clothes, etc.
The IRS has different tax rules for kids, so how do you know if your child is required to file a tax return?
In general, kids who are dependents (claimed on someone else’s tax return) must file a tax return if:
- they have earned income of $5,700 or higher (this is the standard deduction amount for 2009, the amount for 2008 was $5,450)
- they have unearned income (investment income) of $950 in 2009 ($900 in 2008)
- they have gross income (both earned and unearned) in excess of the larger of $950 or their earned income plus $300.
The most common reason kids would need to file a tax return is because they had earned income from a part time job or because they are lucky enough to have investments in their own name, as described in the above rules. However, the following children may also be required to file a tax return:
- those who have earned income and who received advanced earned income credit payments from his or her employer,
- kids who had wages of $108.28 or more from a church, that is exempt from employer Social Security and Medicare taxes, or
- kids who had net earnings from self employment or their own business of at least $400.
Example: Sarah is 15 and is claimed as a dependent on her parents’ tax return. In 2008, her only income was $250 she earned from making jewelry and selling it to her family and friends. In 2008, she is not required to file a tax return. However, let’s assume that word about her jewelry spread and in 2009 she doubled her income. Assuming her net earnings (after expenses) from her jewelry business was $500, she would be required to file a 2009 income tax return.
Filing your child’s tax return:
If your child is required to file only because he or she had investment income, you may be able to report the child’s income on the parent’s tax return, which would eliminate the need to file two tax returns.
If the child is required to file because she has earned income from an employer, or if she has a business of her own, then she will need to file her own tax return. In addition, children with their own businesses will need to complete Schedule C – Profit or Loss From Business and Schedule SE – Self Employment Tax and attach these to their income tax return.
Kristine A. McKinley, CPA, and CFPÆ, offers financial and tax planning on an hourly, fee-only basis. She specializes in helping home based and online business owners understand and minimize their income taxes so they can keep more of their profits. Link to tax blog: www.internetbiztaxtips.com

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